The decision marks a major setback for the administration, which has removed tens of thousands of unauthorized immigrants to countries where they are not citizens.
The judge said the plan would hinder the agency’s ability to respond to disasters.
The filing asks a federal judge to declare the authorization for the event, framed around the country’s 250th anniversary, unlawful.
A federal lawsuit said the event, set for June 14, was unlawfully planned and designed to benefit Mr. Trump and his allies.
Elon Musk’s Department of Government Efficiency “blatantly used” race, gender and protected characteristics to execute mass termination of federal grants, a judge said.
The Court of International Trade has concluded that President Trump's global 10% tariffs are unlawful.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit did not give a reason for the ruling but allowed the deportations to continue in a 2-1 decision.
The ruling could make it more difficult for the government to send migrants to countries that are not their own.